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                       Emotions Management


                              ANGER

FACTS ABOUT ANGER:

1.     If you believe that all anger is wrong, and over the past many
       years, you have been hiding from yourself your own feeling of
       irritation and anger, then YOU HAVE AN ANGER PROBLEM.

2.     If you ignore your hurts and anger, thinking that they will go
       away and won't cause you any trouble, then YOU HAVE AN ANGER
       PROBLEM.

3.     If you just let all your feelings and anger hang out - just
       get them out of your system - thinking that through this you
       will solve your anger problem, then YOU HAVE AN ANGER PROBLEM.

4.     If you think that it will not cost you too much emotionally to
       be a nice person who never gets angry at anybody, then YOU
       HAVE AN ANGER PROBLEM.

5.     Thinking that if you express your hurts and anger to the
       person you are angry at, your relationship will suffer, YOU
       HAVE AN ANGER PROBLEM.


WRONG APPROACH

1.     Peace-at-any-price  -    Take the blame for everything
2.     Stamp collectors    -    Collect all grievance, annoyance, or
                                irritation and deny that they bother
                                them, then explode with detailed
                                cataloging of all past offenses
3.     Silent approach     -    When bothered, retreats to icy
                                silence and sullen look
4.     The critic          -    Critical and sarcastic about
                                everything supported by seemingly
                                well-founded intellectual or rational
                                reasoning
5.     Gooey-sweet         -    Seemingly bitter and artificial
                                sweetness
6.     Passively
       aggressive          -    stubborn, procrastinating,
                                always say the opposite view


Anger is like energy, it cannot be destroyed, but it can be stored
and its form can be changed.  When we bury the anger within us and
repeatedly deny its existence, it accumulates in a so called
UNRESOLVED ANGER FUND.



EFFECTS OF HIGH UNRESOLVED ANGER FUND

Accumulated anger will result in guilt, obesity, insomnia,
backaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, ulcers, sexual problems,
fatigue, depression, neuroses, psychoses, potentials for murder and
suicide, etc.

BIBLICAL PRINCIPLES

1.     In the Bible, GOD got angry the most often : in the Old
       Testament, the Hebrew word for anger appears 455 times out of
       which 375 times it is referring to the anger of GOD.  Jesus
       was angry in Mark 11:15-17 and drove out the parasitic money
       changers in the temple.  Fill in Mark 11:15-17:

2.     Genesis 1:26-27, God in His wisdom created us in His own
       image.  ANGER is itself neutral.  It is a God-given emotion. 
       Emotions are gifts that can be used to serve us and to serve
       God well.  To deny them is to deny a part of the person God
       created us to be, and that is sin.  It is what the anger is
       based on and how the anger is expressed that determines
       whether it is right or wrong.

3.     Ephesians 4:25  "Therefore each of you must put off falsehood
       and speak truthfully to his neighbor, for we are all members
       of one body."  Denying our anger vastly complicates working
       out the problem with our fellow human beings."

4.     James 1:19  "My dear brothers, take note of this:  Everyone
       should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become
       angry."  Proverbs 16:32,  "He who is slow to anger is better
       than the mighty, and he who rules his spirit than he who
       captures a city."  A crucial principle is that a person should
       listen to his feelings but never be controlled by them or
       compelled to act on the basis of our feelings alone.

5.     Ephesians 4:26  "In your anger do not sin.  Do not let the sun
       (the heat, the intensity of your feeling) go down while you
       are still angry (while there is still an opportunity), and do
       not give the devil a foothold." == "It's appropriate and
       necessary to be angry, but be very careful that you don't sin
       in the process.  Dissipate the anger constructively before the
       heat of the emotion is lost, too much time passes, and the
       best opportunity is gone."  Just as we should not be in a
       hurry to deal with anger, we must also not go to the extreme
       and delay longer than is necessary.  It is important to take
       appropriate action (e.g. talk to the person who hurts you
       about it) in a matter of seconds or minutes (or at the most a
       few hours after the incident) than to wait days, weeks,
       months, or even years before constructively handling the
       situation.  The emotional weight which untold millions of
       people carry simply because they have procrastinated at this
       point would cause problems to you.

6.     Anger causes bitterness and resentment.  Anger is not sin,
       bitterness and resentment are.  In Matthew 6:15, the Lord's
       Prayer says that if we do not give up our resentment, God will
       not forgive our sins.

7.     If we have inappropriate or sinful expectations, and we become
       angry because we don't get our way, we are sinning in our
       anger.  Read I Kings 20 and 21.

8.     In some cases anger may be righteous and its absence may
       displease God, which means we may be sinning by not getting
       angry.  Read I Samuel 11:6, Nehemiah 5:6-9, Numbers 25:16-17,
       and I Samuel 2:12-36, the story of Eli and his two sons.  Read
       I Samuel 3:13.



FOUR WAYS PEOPLE HANDLE ANGER

1.     The person whose anger is KNOWN is seen by the world as an
       angry, hostile person, and the person himself feels very
       angry.

2.     With the person who has camouflaged his anger fairly well, the
       world at large may not be aware of his feelings because they
       are HIDDEN, but the person himself may be aware of them.

3.     The world at large may be aware of the person's anger, but the
       person is BLIND to it.

4.     This is the most serious of all: the person whose anger has
       been so denied and repressed that neither the person himself
       nor the world around him is aware that it is buried within him
       to make it UNKNOWN.




SIX LEVELS TO DEAL WITH ANGER

1.     Very Mature - He is able to accurately determine the reasons
       for his feelings.  His response is by choice rather than by
       reaction.  He is able to act out of principle, meaning that
       when other people's lives are at stake and injustices are
       done, this person gets angry, and his anger leads to positive
       action.  E.g. Christ and money changers.  He is also able to
       suppress his feelings and dissipate them without either
       harming the people around him or holding the anger inside so
       that it is destructive to himself.  E.g. Christ's handling of
       the people who laughed at him for saying Jarius daughter was
       dead (Matthew 9:23-25).  He disagreed with the crowd, went in
       to see the girl, and raised her from the dead.  Notice that
       Jesus didn't say to the crowd, "I told you so."

2.     Mature - He is always aware of his feelings and is able to
       accurately determine their cause.  He constructively
       dissipates his negative feelings in a way that harms others
       the least.  He is kind and considerate.  Many annoyances that
       bother other people really won't bother him.  However, when
       something really does bother him, he will confront the
       situation squarely.  He will never avoid a problem merely
       because it is uncomfortable to deal with.

3.     Somewhat mature - He is aware of his feelings and is able to
       determine their cause.  He attempts to deal fairly quickly
       with the problem, but occasionally may react too quickly or
       slowly.  He may not always be as kind as possible to the
       person he is interacting with, but his basic desire is to
       resolve the problem.  His range of anger displayed is between
       4a (hide more) and 4c (display more).  Family members may
       occasionally hear this person yell.  But he will quickly try
       to remedy the situation and will be willing to apologize when
       appropriate.

4.     Somewhat immature - He is usually aware of his negative
       feelings, but only occasionally knows the specific causes of
       them.  He occasionally makes attempts to deal with feelings
       constructively, but at other times handles them destructively. 
       This person never seriously injures anyone, but he may cause
       a fair amount of emotional hurt to those around him.  He has
       collected a moderate amount of anger in his unresolved anger
       fund.  There may be significant neurotic symptoms,
       psychosomatic complaints, marital problems, or other
       difficulties.  The person in 3a zone may sulk, be passively
       aggressive, or use other methods, but externally he looks
       fairly well-adjusted to all but those who are extremely close
       to him.  The person in 3c zone loses his temper, slams doors,
       and may even break things in his attempts to give vent to his
       anger.  Those who know him consider him to be somewhat hostile
       or to have a bad temper.  It is important to note that a
       younger person can be handling anger immaturely but may not
       yet exhibit any of the physical or psychological symptoms
       simply because he or she is so young.

5.     Immature -  The 2a person often denies the existence of any
       anger in his life.  When he is aware of any anger, he still
       often handles it destructively.  He has a large unresolved
       anger fund, which persists in making him uncomfortable and
       unhappy.  He may have a number of physical symptoms.  Often
       there is a lot of guilt and depression in his life, or he may
       be numb to his feelings.  Suicidal thoughts may start to
       emerge.  Still, this immature person may be able to hide his
       problems from all but those who are very close to him.  The 2c
       person is as immature as the 2a person.  The difference is
       those around him know that he is angry.  He typically
       overreacts to small irritants and may not be aware of why he
       is reacting the way he is.  Even when he is aware of what is
       making him angry, he usually handles his anger destructively. 
       He always makes other people unhappy and may even hurt them
       physically.  Emotional scars are inevitable, and are
       particularly apparent to his souse and children.  He seldom
       sits down and shares his feelings with others.  Those who hide
       their anger try to avoid conflict issues, only to have the
       effects emerge later in indirect ways.  The overtly angry
       person is prone to launch an angry counter-attack, often
       confusing the issue and leaving others hurt.

6.     Very immature - He chronically hides his anger and may be
       totally unaware that anger is a problem for him, and so he
       typically handles it destructively.  Generally he doesn't want
       to hurt anyone, but his problem is so great that it is
       virtually impossible for him to avoid creating a lot of
       problems for others as well as for himself.  If he is not
       extremely depressed, he is then emotionally numb.  Inevitably
       there are a lot of physically distressing symptoms, if not a
       neurosis or even a psychosis.  This person has a gigantic
       unresolved anger fund. He can no longer hide his dilemma from
       the outside world; they know he is in trouble and that without
       a drastic change the anger may lead to depression and
       hopelessness of such magnitude that it may result in suicide. 
       Occasionally this person becomes so angry that he bursts like
       a boiling teapot, perhaps even hurting others.  The person who
       is very immature in handling anger and who displays it would
       fall into the category of 1c and 1d.  This individual is
       obviously extremely hostile and physically abusive to those
       who get in his way.  He causes others much unhappiness and is
       a very unhappy person himself.  He may use alcohol and have
       trouble with the law.  He may feel guilty and depressed,
       feelings that may lead to homicide or suicide.



IMPORTANT FACTS:
  1.   Conflict is normal.
  2.   Conflict is inevitable.
  3.   Anger towards a loved one doesn't mean we don't love
       him.
  4.   Jesus gets angry, too.  And we are supposed to be
       Christlike.
  5.   People who are closest to you are those you are most
       likely you have conflicts with because i) most
       interchange and ii) highest expectations.
  6.   Confrontation is necessary.
  7.   People avoid confrontation because they think expressing
       their anger will hurt their relationships.  But the
       opposite is true.  If you don't admit to being hurt or
       angry and don't express your anger in constructive ways,
       you may eventually destroy relationships and hurt at
       least one of the people involved.
  8.   If you find yourself incapable of feeling love toward
       anyone, it may well be because there is large unresolved
       anger fund that has not been dealt with.
  9.   When we express our honest feelings in constructive
       ways, true love is never killed but strengthened.
  10.  Apply confrontation with God in your prayer. Expressing
       your feelings is a cleansing experience.



HANDLING YOUR ANGER

When someone insults you and suddenly you feel hurt, these are the
steps you can use to handle your anger effectively.

1.     Recognize Your Feelings of Displeasure

  The first step is to get in touch with your feelings of hurt,
  displeasure, or anger.  For most people this is not a problem. 
  For a person who has repressed his anger for so long, the only
  feeling he may feel is just funny and confused.  While
  identifying the hurt feeling, do not judge the cause of the
  feeling as to whether it is reasonable or not, or even as to
  whether it is right or wrong.  Try to determine whether you
  are a little upset, moderately upset, or very upset.  This
  will serve as an important clue later on as to the action you
  may need to take.  Also, if you don't appreciate the degree of
  your anger, you may find yourself overreacting to minor issues
  or even underreacting to major ones.

2.     Suppress Taking Any Action

  The second step is to suppress taking any action until you
  have thought through the situation and have control of what
  you say and do.  Suppressing taking action is not the same as
  repression.  When a person represses anger, he buries it and
  often isn't aware of the feelings at all.  However,
  suppressing anger means that you defer taking action without
  losing touch with the problem.  Sometimes this step may take
  only seconds or minutes, but in some cases it may take hours
  or possibly days.
  Fill in Proverbs 29:11:

  There are two exceptions.
  i) If you are trying to identifying your feelings and someone
  asks if you're upset, DON'T SAY NO, say, "Yes, what you said
  did upset me, but I'll have to think it through before I say
  anything more about it".  If you don't tag the situation
  verbally, it is crucial that you at least tag it in your mind. 
  As a result, if there are some urgent tasks at hand when
  something is bothering you, you will have pinned the problem
  down in your mind and committed yourself to coming back to
  deal with it later.
  ii) Notify innocent bystanders when something is on your mind. 
  Thus if you have had a very traumatic day at work, it is wise
  to inform your family when you come home.

  Timing is very important in dealing with emotional issues. 
  Avoid to delay taking actions for unnecessarily long time.

3.     Pray

  "Lord, help me see the issues more clearly".
  "Lord, help me sort out my thoughts and feelings so I can do
  the right thing".

4.     Identify the Cause of Your Anger

  If you are upset by a small matter, the true cause of the
  anger may be another bigger matter.
5.     Is Your Anger Legitimate?

  Fill in Jonah 4:9:
  In this case God was questioning Jonah as to whether he had an
  adequate basis for his angry feelings.  It turned out that
  Jonah didn't have just cause for his anger.  For example, our
  anger is not legitimate if someone is honest and tell us the
  truth we do not like to hear. 

6.     Determine a Course of Action

  At any of the above steps, you may have been able to resolve
  the problem.  If not, you will need to take further action to
  handle your feelings constructively, otherwise they turn into
  a destructive force against you or others.  Most people deal
  with conflict by one of the following methods:
  a)   They angrily attack - "I'll get even with him."
  b)   They run and withdraw - "I'll take my marbles and go
       home."
  c)   They verbally give in to the other person - "OKay, you
       win."
  d)   Total denial of any conflict.
  But in reality they are unhappy with the situation and these
  methods will only harbor resentment.

  The following are specific courses of action that one can take
  when conflict arises. You should become proficient in
  selecting the best means of handling a given situation of
  conflict.  First, fill in Leviticus 19:17-18:
  a)   Confront when necessary - Anyone who really cares about
       people and their feelings finds confrontation difficult,
       but a mature person will confront someone when it is
       necessary.  See the following how Paul shares his
       feelings about confrontation: Fill in II Corinthians
       2:4:
       However, speaking the truth in love often necessitates
       confrontation, and sometimes this confrontation must
       take place before one can be tender and forgiving.  Fill
       in Ephesians 4:25:

       There are 3 general ways to confront people:
       i) To inform - We are asking for all kinds of trouble if
       we assume that the other person knows how strongly we
       feel, unless we actually put it into words and express
       our feelings directly to the person involved.
       ii) Share your primary feeling by starting with "I feel
       ..." rather that blaming other person by saying "You
       always ...":
            o    "I'm feeling ignored."
            o    "I feel disappointed that I can't go too."
            o    "I get the feeling that I'm being blamed
                 for that."
            o    "I feel put down."
            o    "I feel like I'm being interrogated."
       iii) Rebuke in love - Here you are telling the person
       directly that what he is saying or doing is
       inappropriate, but note that what he is saying or doing
       is given in love, which differentiates it from the angry
       attack.  Because you care about the person you are
       rebuking, the aim of rebuking in love is reconciliation.
       Fill in Proverbs 27:5-6:

  b)   Establish Limits of Behavior - This can be used in any
       situation in which one has the right and/or
       responsibilities over others.  This is especially
       applicable with parents, teachers, and employers.
  c)   Get Counsel - Find a friend or professional counselor to
       talk over a problem.  This person can help to clarify
       issues and give objectivity to a problem.  Praying to
       God, the Great Counselor, is certainly advisable.
  d)   Talk Things Out - For some, it is praying to God and
       share the deepest feelings, For others, get things out
       of their system by writing a letter (even if they never
       mail it), or talk to themselves in private, or even
       record their feelings on a cassette recorder.
  e)   Compromise When Appropriate - Seldom when we get angry
       are we 100 percent right and the other person 100
       percent wrong.  Typically, there are multiple factors
       causing the problem and several different ways to view
       the situation.  Often after we have gone through some of
       the steps for handling anger, particularly the step of
       confrontation, we become aware of the other person's
       feelings, and suddenly we are faced with a different
       perspective on the issue.  The ability to compromise is
       an integral characteristic of the emotionally and
       spiritually mature person (read Acts 15:1-29).
  f)   Pass Over the Issue - This is not repression.  The basis
       of passing over the issue is realizing that the best
       possible solution to the problem, both for ourselves and
       for the other person, is to simply drop the issue.  It
       means that we hold no grudges, that we are willing to
       forgive and forget.

7)     Forgive and Forget

  Fill in Matthew 6:15:
  Forgiving is we fully recognize that what the other person did
  was definitely wrong, but that we will nevertheless forgive
  him and forget it, no matter how much he has hurt us. 
  Forgiving means that we actively choose to give up our grudge
  despite the severity of the injustice done to us.  It does not
  mean that we have to say or feel "That didn't hurt me" or "It
  didn't really matter."  Some things may hurt very much, but we
  still choose to forgive.  Forgiving does not mean that the
  party at fault doesn't need to suffer the natural or lawful
  consequences of his actions.  One can forgive and still allow
  justice to be administered.  E.g. if a drunken driver kills
  your mother while driving recklessly, it is appropriate that
  legal action be taken against him.  This is necessary not only
  for your mother's sake, but also for the driver's and
  society's sake.


PREVENTING ANGER

If you want to be emotionally mature and able to handle anger when
it arises, then there is work needs to be done now when you are not
angry.

1.     Maintain a Purposeful Life

  Good health habits are essential in minimizing anger.  Proper
  diet, rest, relaxation, and exercise are essential.  Others
  like keeping down excessive noise and clutter in out
  backgrounds, should also be considered. (Read I Thessalonians
  4:11 and Ecclesiastes 9:17)

  In addition, it is essential to maintain an active life in
  general.  People who have positive pursuits in their lives
  have less time and reason to be angry than people who are
  stuck in a rut.  The person who is progressing toward personal
  goals is less likely to be jealous of another person's
  success, which often manifests itself in anger.  Therefore you
  should set meaningful, constructive goals for both your work
  and your leisure hours.

2.     Have a Proper Relationship with God

  When we begin to realize all that God has done for us despite
  the hurts we have inflicted on others, it can't help but
  soften our tendency to be angry at others for the hurts that
  they have inflicted on us.  In addition, daily devotion alone
  with God, reading the Bible, praying, and meditating can help
  clarify areas in our lives that need working on and can better
  prepare us to handle conflict as it arises.

3.     Evaluate your Rights and Expectations

  One of the quickest ways to change hurt and angry feelings is
  to look at our expectations and change those that are
  inappropriate or unrealistic.  As those rights and
  expectations are unchanged, both the primary feelings of being
  hurt and the secondary feeling of anger may continue to be
  aroused.

4.     Express Your Expectations

  Once we have gotten in touch with all our demands and
  expectations and have admitted them to ourselves, we need to
  express them to those we have expectations of.  That is the
  only way to have a truly honest, open relationship.  Otherwise
  it's like two people playing a game when only one of them
  knows all the rules.  We need their feedback as to whether our
  expectations are valid and mutually agreed upon.  Those that
  are not must be negotiated, or else trouble will be
  inevitable.  In addition, we must also express our needs, our
  wishes and desires.

5.     Be Realistic in Self-Expectations

  Sometimes we expect too much of ourselves.  We don't take into
  account, or we refuse to admit, that we are human and thus
  have certain limitations.  The problem of high self-
  expectations can express itself in the form of overextending
  ourselves, trying to cram too much into one day.  Then, when
  we can't accomplish what we set out to do, we become angry at
  ourselves or at whatever interferes with our schedule.

6.     Expect the Right Things from God

  Every person has expectations of God.  Observe the reactions
  of the person who has lost a job, has had a financial problem,
  is confronted with a serious illness, or has lost a loved one. 
  The reaction that follows the unmet expectation from God can
  often take the form of anger, resentment, bitterness, and
  depression.  Whether they are appropriate or inappropriate, we
  need to be honest about all those feelings, for it certainly
  is much better to be honest than to deny their existence. 
  After we place them all out in front of God, we gradually be
  able to pick out those inappropriate ones and give them up.

7.     Accept the Facts of Life

  A lot of things don't seem to be fair.  The person who has a
  high I.Q., money, good looks, good health, an attractive
  personality, and ample abilities and opportunity may have done
  nothing to get all these qualities.  The parable of the
  talents in Matthew 25:15 says, "And to one he gave five
  talents, to another, two, to another, one."  Thus God
  acknowledges the fact that individuals have various abilities. 
  If we compare ourselves with other people we will surely seem
  to come out short.  Even the man who has everything tends to
  ignore all that he has, and instead focuses on what he doesn't
  have.
  We need to see life more from God's perspective - that life is
  a gift.  If we allow our eyes to focus enviously on
  comparisons with others, we will miss the many things that God
  has done for us.  Accepting ourselves and our assets - God's
  gifts to us - is fundamental to overcoming anger.

8.     Deal with Feelings of Inferiority

  If we feel inadequate and inferior, we will be on our guard
  for anything that threatens our feelings of self-worth, and so
  we protect ourselves with angry counterattacks.  On the other
  hand, the better we feel about ourselves, the less reason we
  will have to be defensive, bitter, and jealous.

9.     Avoid Aggravating Situations

  "Do not associate with a man given to anger, or go with a hot-
  tempered man, lest you learn his ways, and find a snare for
  yourself." (Proverbs 2:24-25)

10.    Reduce Your Unresolved Anger Fund

  Perform all the constructive work outlined in this class for
  all the past hurts, pain and anger.

IDEAL WAYS TO HANDLE ANGER

  o    Stand for Righteous Principles
  o    Pass Over Inconsequential Issues
  o    Forgive
  o    Pray for the Offender
  o    Be Loving

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